2 Samuel 20:10

Authorized King James Version

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But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand: so he smote him therewith in the fifth rib, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and struck him not again; and he died. So Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri.

Original Language Analysis

וַֽעֲמָשָׂ֨א But Amasa H6021
וַֽעֲמָשָׂ֨א But Amasa
Strong's: H6021
Word #: 1 of 26
amasa, the name of two israelites
לֹֽא H3808
לֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 2 of 26
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
נִשְׁמַ֜ר took no heed H8104
נִשְׁמַ֜ר took no heed
Strong's: H8104
Word #: 3 of 26
properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), i.e., guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc
בַּחֶ֣רֶב׀ to the sword H2719
בַּחֶ֣רֶב׀ to the sword
Strong's: H2719
Word #: 4 of 26
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
אֲשֶׁ֣ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 5 of 26
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בְּיַד hand H3027
בְּיַד hand
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 6 of 26
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
וְיוֹאָב֙ So Joab H3097
וְיוֹאָב֙ So Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 7 of 26
joab, the name of three israelites
וַיַּכֵּהוּ֩ so he smote H5221
וַיַּכֵּהוּ֩ so he smote
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 8 of 26
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
בָ֨הּ H0
בָ֨הּ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 9 of 26
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 10 of 26
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַחֹ֜מֶשׁ him therewith in the fifth H2570
הַחֹ֜מֶשׁ him therewith in the fifth
Strong's: H2570
Word #: 11 of 26
the abdomen (as obese)
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ rib and shed out H8210
וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֨ךְ rib and shed out
Strong's: H8210
Word #: 12 of 26
to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal; or even a solid, i.e., to mound up); also (figuratively) to expend (life, soul, complaint, money, etc
מֵעָ֥יו his bowels H4578
מֵעָ֥יו his bowels
Strong's: H4578
Word #: 13 of 26
used only in plural the intestines, or (collectively) the abdomen, figuratively, sympathy; by implication, a vest; by extension the stomach, the uteru
אַ֛רְצָה to the ground H776
אַ֛רְצָה to the ground
Strong's: H776
Word #: 14 of 26
the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
וְלֹא H3808
וְלֹא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 15 of 26
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
שָׁ֥נָה and struck H8138
שָׁ֥נָה and struck
Strong's: H8138
Word #: 16 of 26
to fold, i.e., duplicate (literally or figuratively); by implication, to transmute (transitive or intransitive)
ל֖וֹ H0
ל֖וֹ
Strong's: H0
Word #: 17 of 26
וַיָּמֹ֑ת and he died H4191
וַיָּמֹ֑ת and he died
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 18 of 26
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
וְיוֹאָב֙ So Joab H3097
וְיוֹאָב֙ So Joab
Strong's: H3097
Word #: 19 of 26
joab, the name of three israelites
וַֽאֲבִישַׁ֣י and Abishai H52
וַֽאֲבִישַׁ֣י and Abishai
Strong's: H52
Word #: 20 of 26
abishai, an israelite
אָחִ֔יו his brother H251
אָחִ֔יו his brother
Strong's: H251
Word #: 21 of 26
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
רָדַ֕ף pursued H7291
רָדַ֕ף pursued
Strong's: H7291
Word #: 22 of 26
to run after (usually with hostile intent; figuratively [of time] gone by)
אַֽחֲרֵ֖י after H310
אַֽחֲרֵ֖י after
Strong's: H310
Word #: 23 of 26
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
שֶׁ֥בַע Sheba H7652
שֶׁ֥בַע Sheba
Strong's: H7652
Word #: 24 of 26
sheba, the name of a place in palestine, and of two israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 25 of 26
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
בִּכְרִֽי׃ of Bichri H1075
בִּכְרִֽי׃ of Bichri
Strong's: H1075
Word #: 26 of 26
bikri, an israelite

Analysis & Commentary

But Amasa took no heed to the sword that was in Joab's hand: so he smote him therewith in the fifth rib, and shed out his bowels to the ground, and struck him not again; and he died. So Joab and Abishai his brother pursued after Sheba the son of Bichri.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Sheba's Rebellion, emphasizing ongoing challenges to authority. Sheba's rebellion demonstrates that David's troubles continue despite Absalom's defeat. The wise woman's intervention prevents unnecessary bloodshed. Theological themes include ongoing resistance to God's appointed leader, the value of wisdom in crisis resolution, the danger of divisive rhetoric, and God's provision of unexpected solutions through unlikely people.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 20 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding ongoing challenges to authority provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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